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The much-anticipated upgrade of Ethereum will create new participants called builders in the blockchain ecosystem, a move that risks altering the power structure of what is arguably the most commercially important cryptocurrency network.
Under the current system, networks of computers known as miners pluck transactions out of a special data pool, and arrange them into blocks that are added to the blockchain.
The miners are being eliminated as part of a plan to reduce energy consumption.
After the planned September upgrade known as the Merge, the builders will gather transactions into blocks, which they will then send to the validators.
The validators will sign off on the order of the blocks that will form the upgraded blockchain.
This seemingly geeky change, part of a portion of the software upgrade that is called MEV-Boost, could potentially make Ethereum more centralized, at least initially.
While there are already more than 416,000 validators lined up to order transactions, there are only a handful of participants committed to serving as builders.
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The largest is Flashbots, which makes open-source software used by trading bots.
Flashbots is already the dominant way for miners to collect fees from traders by letting their transactions front-run and otherwise step around others.
Other participants are considering becoming builders because of concern about Flashbots or similar entities having too much control.
“It kills decentralization,” said Uri Klarman, chief executive officer of BloXroute Labs, which has a network of servers that let traders send transactions to miners faster.
About 40% of all the trading volume from decentralized finance apps, which let people trade, loan and borrow coins, is routed through the network, he said.
One risk is that a powerful digital wallet like MetaMask, which gives users the ability to buy, sell and receive cryptocurrency, could become a “king maker,” Klarman said.
MetaMask is the most popular non-custodial wallet, with 30 million users.
A wallet service could favor one builder over all others and even decide to act as a builder, thus controlling the flow of transactions, Klarman said.
MetaMask is owned by the New York-based ConsenSys, which was founded by Ethereum co-founder Joseph Lubin. The software firm dismisses the concern.
“We will never send all of MetaMask’s transactions to one specific builder or provider,” said Taylor Monahan, global product lead at MetaMask.
“MetaMask’s value is derived from being a gateway to an exciting, vibrant, diverse and fair ecosystem.
For that reason, MetaMask will always strive to make decisions that promote a healthy and decentralized Ethereum.”
The builder-validator role split was initially conceived as a way to increase Ethereum’s decentralization, and to take the power away from validators.
Still, having too few builders on the upgraded Ethereum chain raises potential issues.
They could censor transactions from being included into blocks.
Earlier this month, Flashbots blacklisted wallets associated with Tornado Cash, after the mixer protocol was sanctioned by the US Treasury Department. - Bloomberg
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